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The petitions of Village Lodge, and of Pacific Lodge, were also referred to the Committee on Dispensations and Charters.
A Masonic Dictionary, and a copy of a blank Diploma, were presented to the Grand Lodge by Bro. Alden, for and on behalf of the publishers.
Voted, That they be accepted and that the thanks of the Grand Lodge be tendered to the donors for the same.
A petition for a new Lodge at Unity Village, was presented and referred to the Committee on Dispensations and Charters.
Called off until 3 o'clock, P. M.
Attest: C. B. SMITH, G. Sec.
Afternoon—May 3, 1855.
The Grand Lodge was called to labor at 3 o'clock, P. M., R. W. Bro. True, D. G. M. in the chair.
The Dispensation of Hancock Lodge, with a copy of their Records, &c, was returned, with a petition for a Charter. Referred to the Committee on Dispensations and Charters.
Proceeded to the election of Grand Officers for the ensuing year, when the following R. W. brethren were elected:—
M. W. John Miller, Grand Master;
R. W. Jabez True, Deputy G. Master;
R. W. Ezra B. French, Senior G. Warden ;
R. W. William Kimball, Junior G. Warden ;
R. W. Moses Dodge, Grand Treasurer;
R. W. Charles B. Smith, Rec. G. Secretary;
R. W. Isaac Downing, Trustee of the Charity Fund.
R. W. Bros. Freeman Bradford, A. B. Thompson and S. B. Dock-ham, were elected a Committee of Finance for the ensuing year. On motion,
Voted, That to-morrow at 10 o'clock, be assigned as the time for the Installation of the Grand Officers.
Voted, That when the Grand Lodge call off, it be until 8 o'clock this evening, for the purpose of dedicating the new Masonic Hall.
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Bro. Humphreys was excused, at his own request, from further service on the Committee on Dispensations and Charters, and Bro. Bell was appointed in his stead.
The Grand Lodge then called off.
Attest: C. B. SMITH, G. Sec.
Evening Session—May 3, 1855.
The Grand Lodge was called to labor at 8 o'clock P. M., M. W. Bro. Dunlap in the chair.
The new Masonic Hall in Portland was then duly and solemnly dedicated to Freemasonry, Charity and Universal Benevolence, in ancient form: after which, highly interesting extemporaneous addresses were delivered by Bros. Pearl and Dunlap.
The Grand Lodge was then called off, until to-morrow morning, at 9 o'clock.
Attest: C. B. SMITH, G. Sec.
Masonic Hall, Portland, May 4, 1855.
The Grand Lodge was called to labor at 9 o'clock, A. M.
It having been decided that D. D. Grand Masters cannot constitutionally act as members of the Board of Trustees of the Charity Fund, proceeded to the election of two Trustees in place of Bros. William Allen and Isaac Downing, D. D. G. Masters, and Bros. Gilman Lougee and George Crawford were duly elected members of said Board for three years.
Petition of Adoniram Lodge was presented and referred to the Committee on Grievances and Appeals.
The Committee on Returns reported that returns have been received from sixty-six Lodges, by which it appears that there have been seven hundred and forty-one initiations therein during the past year;
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and that the present number of members is two thousand seven hundred and fifty. The Returns for the most part are correctly made, but in some cases the defect heretofore complained of is still manifest, viz: the dates of initiating, crafting and raising candidates are still omitted. From several Lodges no returns have been received, and some are not signed by the proper officers. The Committee recommend that the Secretaries of the several Lodges be particularly required, in mating future returns, to give the date of each initiation and of each degree conferred. We also find several Returns from Lodges in the sixth Masonic District not signed by the D. D. G. Master, and in the first District no abstract accompanies the Returns.
STEPHEN WEBBER,
DANIEL P. ATWOOD,
E. B. AVERILL,
Committee
Report read and accepted.
A member of the Committee on Grievances and appeals having left the city, Bro. Crawford was appointed to supply his place.
The Grand Officers were then duly installed by M.W. Bro. Dunlap, and took their several stations.
The Committee on Dispensations and Charters then made their Report, as follows:—
GRAND LODGE OF MAINE.
Masonic Hall, Portland, May 4, 1855.
The Committee on Dispensations and Charters, having attended to their duty, report—
I. That Piscataquis Lodge, No. 44, be restored to the list of Lodges under this Jurisdiction, and that it be removed from Sebec to Milo; and that a Dispensation be issued by the Grand Master for that purpose.
II. That a Charter be granted for a Lodge at Solon, to be called Key Stone Lodge, they having returned their Dispensation and a transcript of their proceedings, and a copy of their By-Laws. The Committee would recommend that the seventh article in their By-Laws be stricken out.
III. That a Charter be granted for a new Lodge at Rockland, to be called Rockland Lodge, they having returned their Dispensation and Records, and a copy of their By-Laws.
IV. That Pacific Lodge be removed from Stetson to Exeter.
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V. That a Charter be granted to Saco Lodge, at Saco, without any additional payment, to replace their old Charter that was destroyed by fire, bearing the same date and number, and being as near as possible a copy of the same.
VI. That Maine Lodge be removed from Farmington to Wilton, on and after the stated meeting in August next.
VII. That a Dispensation be granted for a new Lodge at Unity.
VIII. That the Charter of Village Lodge, at Bowdoinham, be restored, with their jewels.
All which is respectfully submitted.
F. BRADFORD,
J. C. STEVENS,
JOHN J. BELL,
Committee.
Report read and accepted.
The following order was introduced by Bro. Hiram Chase, and passed, viz :-
Ordered, That the Grand Treasurer be required to give notice to all Lodges under this Jurisdiction, who have made no returns to this Grand Lodge at this session, requiring them to forward their returns, together with their dues, agreeable to the Constitution ; and also to report to this Grand Lodge, at its next session, the names of such as shall fail to comply with this request.
Petition of Key-Stone Lodge for remission of dues was presented and referred to Bros. E. B. Averill, J. D. Warren, and George Crawford ; who, after attending to their duty, reported, that the dues of said Lodge for the past year be remitted. Report accepted.
An amendment of the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, in Article III, Section 8, Part first, was proposed by Bro. Webber, so as to provide that the fee for the first three degrees in Masonry shall not be less than twenty dollars.
The Committee on the Pay-Roll made their Report—read and accepted.
The Committee to whom was referred that portion of the M. W. Grand Master's address relative to an amendment of the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, have had the same under consideration, and report the following resolution:—
Resolved, That the Constitution of the Grand Lodge be amended by striking out the word " Thursday," in Article 3d, Section 1st,
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and inserting Tuesday ; so that the Constitution shall read, " The Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge shall be holden in Portland, on the first Tuesday of May, at 9 o'clock, A. M."; and also to amend Article 6, Section 1, by striking out the word "Thursday" and inserting " Tuesday" as the day for the election of Grand Officers.
Report read and accepted.
The following Report was presented, read and accepted, viz:
GRAND LODGE OF MAINE.
Masonic Hall, Portland, May 4, 1855
The Committee to whom was referred the doings of the Grand Officers, would state that they have attended to the duty assigned them, in part, and would ask leave to report—
That they have had under consideration the communication of our late M. W. Grand Master, Timothy Chase, and would recommend its acceptance by this Grand Lodge; and that the thanks of the Grand Lodge be tendered to him for the very faithful, impartial and honorable manner in which he has performed the duties of Grand Master of this Grand Lodge, for the past year.
Tour Committee would further recommend that so much of the M. W. Grand Master's Communication as relates to the amendment of the Constitution and By-Laws of this Grand Lodge be referred to a special Committee, and that his communication be published with the proceedings of this Grand Lodge.
Respectfully submitted.
MINOT CREHORE,
M. M. RAWSON,
ELLAS HEDGE,
Committee
The Committee of Finance reported and recommended that seventy-five dollars be allowed and paid to the Grand Secretary, for his services the past year; that twenty dollars be allowed and paid to the Grand Treasurer, for his services, and that fifty dollars be allowed and paid to Rev. Bro. Cyril Pearl, for his services and expenses as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Correspondence.
Report accepted.
The Grand Lodge then called off until 8 o'clock, P. M.
Attest: C. B. SMITH, G. Sec.
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Afternoon—May 4, 1855.
The Grand Lodge was called to labor at 3 o'clock, P. M., the Grand Master in the chair.
The Committee on doings of the Grand Officers, made an additional Report—read and accepted.
The Committee on Foreign Correspondence then made their annual Report, which was read and accepted, and ordered to be published with the proceedings.
REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.
To the M. W. Grand Lodge of Maine :—
The Committee on Foreign Correspondence are permitted to congratulate their Brethren and call upon them to unite in grateful acknowledgments of the Divine favor which has marked the progress of the Masonic Order for another year.
No year has been more signally crowned than the past, and the signs of prosperity were never more encouraging than we read in the correspondence before us. The very generally healthful condition of the order leads us to regret the failure of reports from several Grand Lodges, whose correspondence we are accustomed to read with interest.
We have examined the proceedings of the following Grand Lodges:—
| Alabama, | Dec. 1854 | Maryland, | May, 1854. |
| Arkansas, | Nov. 1854 | Michigan, | Jan. 1855. |
| Connecticut, | May, 1854 | Mississippi, | Jan. 1854. |
| California, | May, 1854. | New York, | June, 1854. |
| Delaware, | June, 1854 | New Jersey, | Jan. 1854. |
| District of Columbia, | May, 1854 | New Hampshire, | June, 1854. |
| Florida, | Jan. 1855 | Ohio, | Oct. 1854. |
| Georgia, | 1853 | Pennsylvania, | 1853. |
| Illinois, | Oct. 1854 | Texas, | Jan. 1855. |
| Indiana, | May, 1854 | Vermont, | Jan. 1855. |
| Kentucky, | Aug. 1854 |
We have also received the proceedings of Provincial Grand Lodge of Canada West, to October, 1854.
We have also reports for 1852, 1853 and 1854, of the body claiming Grand Lodge jurisdiction in New York, which has been referred to in previous reports as the Phillips Grand Lodge, of which W. James Herring has long been Grand Secretary. From several Grand Lodges we have also copies of their Constitutions.
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recently revised, indicating substantial progress in this department of masonic labor. Successful efforts to secure such Constitutions and Rules of Order as shall promote the thorough discipline and harmony of the craft, may be classed among the best evidences of prosperity which Free Masonry now discloses; especially as there is apparent a disposition to respect the ancient land-marks, and at the same time search for and apply all the great principles of our order to the existing condition of society and necessities of the age.
Except in a single State, the voice of discord is hushed, and songs of joy are heard, as the craftsmen ply their working tools, and prepare materials for a nobler structure—a more glorious temple of humanity, than the world has yet enjoyed. The single exception referred to, is one of so long standing, that it is with some reluctance the committee proceed to speak of the
difficulties in new york.
Your committee regret that they are not permitted to report the restoration of masonic harmony and tranquillity in New York. We do not feel called upon to review our past action in regard to the difficulties there, or to propose new action at this time. It seems desirable, however, to place on record all the data necessary to keep us informed in relation to their position and progress, that we may be prepared to act promptly and intelligently, should the time arrive when mediation or additional action can be useful.
It is remembered, that the last year we spread approvingly on the pages of our report the proceedings and resolutions of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts in relation to the New York Grand Lodge, and the brothers hailing from its jurisdiction. We find in the proceedings of the Grand Lodge of New York for 1854, a special report, drawn up with a good degree of ability, by R. W. Robert Macoy, which we would be glad to publish entire did our limits permit. The concluding portion is here given.
" In summing up this whole matter, then, it is the opinion of your committee:
" 1. That this Grand Lodge, in issuing warrants to the subordinate Lodges of the late St. John's Grand Lodge, after the dissolution of said St. John's Grand Lodge, and on their application, was justified by masonic usage, as well as by a due regard to the highest interests of the Craft.
" 2. That it is both improper and impossible now to distinguish between the members of the subordinates of the late St. John's Grand Lodge, and declare some who are now members in good standing in our Lodges and elsewhere, to be illegal masons. This would be applying to them the principle of an ex post facto law, alike unknown to Masonry, and distasteful to ourselves.
" 3. That any attempt to comply with the requisitions of Massachusetts in this respect, will be unjust to a large number of our members, and a forfeiture of self-respect on the part of this Grand Lodge.
" Your committee therefore submit for the consideration and action of the G. Lodge the following preamble and resolution, viz:
" Whereas, The Grand Lodge of the State of New York is sincerely desirous to cultivate fraternal relations with the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in common with the great masonic family throughout the world ; and
" Whereas, The adoption of certain resolutions by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, at its communication in December last, in reference to visiting
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members of subordinate Lodges from New York, must tend to disturb, if not ultimately to destroy those relations; therefore,
"Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts be affectionately and earnestly requested to reconsider said resolutions."
The report was accepted, and the preamble and resolution were adopted by the Grand Lodge.
There is in the report of the Committee on Foreign Correpondence, of which R.W. Finlay M. King is chairman, a frank reply to the proposition of M.W. Bro. Foster, which we published last year, viz: to submit the whole subject to a committee to be appointed by the Grand Lodges of Massachusetts and Virginia, and that the decision of the committee be final. This proposition the report before us treats with the utmost respect, but decidedly opposes its adoption, assigning the following reasons:—
" 1. The Grand Lodge of New York rests upon the same foundation of masonic law and masonic principles that forms the basis of all the Grand Lodges in the Union; and being conscious of this fact, it cannot permit itself to be voluntarily placed in a situation that would lead to a recession from the just and high grounds it has heretofore taken in preserving its honor and integrity.
"2. It cannot be a party to a measure which might lead to a restoration or accumulation of an irresponsible representative power in the Grand Lodge, which it has lopped off from a sense of imperious duty, and to preserve the jurisdiction from impending ruin.
" 3. If we could persuade ourselves that it would be right or expedient for the Grand Lodge of N. York, having a constituency of nearly three hundred Lodges, including at least three-fourths of all the Lodges in the cities of New York and Brooklyn, and whose memberships outnumber any jurisdiction in the western hemisphere, to dissolve their organization for the purpose of pacifying ten or a dozen contumacious " Lodges" in the city of New York, we have no assurance that a mediation involving this result would be accepted by the schismatics; nor does the masonic character of those schismatics afford much guaranty against the repetition of the same scenes of violence and outrage with which their rebellion commenced.
" 4. We conceive that a proposition for mediation between the Grand Lodge of New York, or any other regular masonic body, and the Scottish Rite organizations of the city of New York, would require an abandonment of all self-respect, and would be conceding to them some grounds for continuing their unlawful assemblies, for which there is not now in truth the shadow of a pretext. If the proposed mediation should be unsuccessful in inducing them to abandon their organizations, it would be a quasi acknowledgment of the rightfulness of their positions.
"5. The individuals who are connected with, and who have resuscitated, what they are pleased to call 'St John's Grand Lodge,' are of such material that the Fraternity can derive no benefit from their connection with it, and it is the opinion of this committee that it is infinitely better for the interests of the Craft that they should remain out of the Order than be permitted to return into it.
" 6. A proffer of mediation to those bodies in the city of New York which pretend to derive authority for their masonic existence from the Grand Lodge of Hamburg, would, of course, be a direct acknowledgment to them and the Grand Lodges of Europe, that the principles of indivisible sovereignty and of Grand Lodge supremacy, which universally prevail among the Grand Lodges of the United States, are matters of compromise! To imagine for a moment that these principles are legitimate subjects of arbitration, is to imagine that the Grand Lodges of America can part with portions of their sovereignty and yet maintain their rightful authority within their jurisdictions. Until the long
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indifference and indecisive action of the Grand Lodges of this country shall have given sufficient encouragement to the progressive Grand Lodges of Europe, to have permitted them to establish their colonies in every city of the Union, and to have prostrated the authority and destroyed the supremacy of every Grand Lodge in this Confederacy, we believe the Grand Lodge of New York will never make this concession. If, instead of offering to compromise principles that are so important, so vital to the existence of Ancient Craft Masonry on this Western Continent, the Grand Lodges of Missouri, of Alabama, and of the whole Union, shall meet such unwarranted invasions at the threshold, and declare the invaders to be irregular and clandestine, and forbid all fellowship and intercourse with them and the authors of their unhallowed encroachments, they will preserve their temples from crumbling, and perpetuate their existence, and vouchsafe their blessings to a grateful posterity for many succeeding generations. But if, on the other hand, they wink at these encroachments, and fellowship with their perpetrators, and allow them to visit their Lodges, the canker-worms of decay and dissolution will feed upon their vitals till their life-blood has gone, and their glory and honor, and authority and power, have departed to return no more.
" 7. The parties above designated are, we believe, the only ones with whom a mediation could possibly have any office to perform in this jurisdiction ; for, as to any illegal organizations within the body of the Order, or any refractory conduct on the part of any of the members of this Grand Lodge or its subordinates, we have far greater confidence in the remedial measures that are within the power of the Grand Lodge to adopt, if these measures be not neutralized by indiscreet action abroad, than in any mediation that can be offered.
" These conclusions, if correct,—and we believe them to be deduced from a calm and judicious consideration of all the momentous questions involved in the proposition,—fully dispose of and settle negatively the question of the proposed mediation, and we hope satisfactorily to our sister Grand Lodges of the Union."
Another question of deep interest in the Grand Lodge of New York, is that of the division of its jurisdiction. The question itself proclaims that harmony is not established, even among those who hold allegiance to the recognized Grand Lodge ; and the desire for a division, reveals the unwelcome truth that the evil genius, Discord, is not yet dead. The question was ably discussed in a report presented by the M. W. R. H. Walworth, late Chancellor of New York, on the part of a majority committee of seven, against division; and by R. W. Thomas Dugan, Sen., for the three in minority, of the committee, in favor of division. The majority report occupies six, and the minority report fourteen closely printed pages, which we cannot copy, nor does the occasion call for it. The two reports, after discussion and recommitment, were disposed of by the adoption of the following resolution, and both reports printed in the minutes of the Grand Lodge.
" Resolved, That there should be but one Grand Lodge in the State of New York, "to continue as it is, the representative and head of the Masonic Fraternity in this State ; and that, therefore, a division of the jurisdiction is inexpedient."
Another aspect of the New York troubles, is the protracted lawsuit between the Grand Lodge and the body claiming to be such, which has been known familiarly, as the Phillips Grand Lodge, for the possession of the funds and other property belonging to the Grand Lodge at the time of the rupture. We see no occasion for the Grand Lodge of Maine to change her position in relation
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to these difficulties. After a full and patient examination of the whole question, and a re-examination of the reports of the Phillips Grand Lodge, and with all due deference to the very able discussion and decision of the Grand Lodge of Mississippi, alluded to above, and which recognizes no legitimate Grand Lodge in New York, we still recommend a firm adhesion to the former decision, and a recognition of the Grand Lodge of which M. W. Joseph D. Evans is Grand Master, as the only one entitled to exercise jurisdiction in that State. We see no reason to change this position, certainly, till the legal decision of the pending lawsuit shall be obtained. At the same time, we believe there has been wrong to some extent on both sides of the long controversy, and that the legitimate Grand Lodge ought to pursue a magnanimous course, and extend the olive branch with a liberal and fraternal hand to those who are now arrayed against them. With deep interest we have examined the proceedings of that body which still disputes the jurisdiction with the Grand Lodge, in hope of finding on their part a spirit of concession which would render mediation possible. The following passage occurs in the address of the Grand Master, Mordecai Myers, at the Annual Communication, June 6th, 1854.
" A short time past, the Hon. Rueben H. Walworth, an old acquaintance, called on me at my house, and in the course of conversation, we both regretted the unhappy division in the Masonic family. I said we had held out the olive branch, and had once or more appointed a committee of conference and proffered several ways of settling our differences, but we had not been met in the same spirit; there was but one grand obstacle to our union, which we should never surrender—that of allowing to the Past Masters of the subordinate Lodges their ancient privileges of permanent seats and votes in the Grand Lodge, as guarantied by the constitution. Nor should we ever make another attempt to meet another committee, but if the thing was desirable, the proposition must come from them. That I considered the great cause which led to the separation was the funds: had there been no money, probably there would have been no separation. That I, individually, was inclined to a division of the State, and the formation of two Grand Lodges, Eastern and Western ; and a division also of the funds—most of which had accumulated from the city Lodges, as the delegations to the Grand Lodge from the country generally received, for the per diem pay and transportation, about as much as they paid in on their returns. He said, they were willing to allow one Past Master from each subordinate Lodge ; that he was, individually, opposed to having two Grand Lodges ; and if an union should ever be effected, perhaps the best disposition of the funds, would be to erect a Masonic Temple. Our conversation then turned upon other subjects."
Your committee see no hope that harmony can be restored in New York between the two bodies, as this body " will never surrender" the claim that all Past Masters shall retain the " ancient privileges of permanent seats and votes in the Grand Lodge." Your committee, in view of the lights of experience, are impressed with the conviction that no constitutions, ancient or modern, should ever have guarantied such privileges, and that the troubles in New York can never be healed by granting such a demand. There is too much of truth in the statement of the Committee of Correspondence in the Grand Lodge of Connecticut, in their notice of California. They say:—
" On this subject of Past Masters being entitled to perpetual membership in the Grand Lodge, we counsel our California brethren to take warning from the
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experience of the fraternity in New York. Almost the entire extent of the difficulties which have occurred from time to time in that jurisdiction, and which have done more than all things else to bring reproach and disgrace on our time-honored institution, has been caused by the presence of an overgrown body of Past Masters at the sessions of the Grand Lodge."
In reviewing the New York Grand Lodge proceedings, the chairman of the Connecticut committee, Bro. William Storer, one of the most discriminating masonic reviewers of the country, uses the following language:—
" Your Committee would hardly dare assume the responsibility of recommending to their New York brethren a persistence in their proposed plan of dividing the Grand Lodge ; and yet, we must confess that we have long been of the opinion that such must ultimately be the result of causes which have long been in operation. The writer of this report was a member of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York in 1823, and was in attendance at the Annual Communication in that year, when the secession took place which resulted in the organization of the first St. John's Grand Lodge. Since that period we have watched the proceedings in that State with no little interest. We have witnessed with pain the jealousies and bickerings that have existed from time to time during this period of thirty years, and we have long since come to the reluctant conclusion that it would be impossible for the city and country members to ' dwell together in unity' under the same Grand Lodge organization. So fully have we been impressed with this idea, that, in our report to this Grand Lodge in 1850, we declared our conviction that a division of the State of New York into two Grand Lodge jurisdictions was the only means of restoring and perpetuating harmony throughout the ranks of the fraternity in that State. We did not then know that any other individual had ever dreamed of the possibility of such a division; but we were so perfectly aware of the great dissimilarity of views and feelings, and habits of thought, and manner of life—amounting to an almost total want of sympathy between the city and country—that we could see no other possible way in which the interests of our institution in that State could be preserved from the most disastrous and destructive shipwreck.
" We have said these things, not because we have the least feeling of animosity toward one party, or of partiality for the other. We esteem our brethren of the State of New York, whether residing in the city or in the ' rural districts' as we esteem any other good and true Masons, wherever they are found. We long to see a final and amicable settlement of all the unfortunate difficulties that have so long distracted the councils of the fraternity in the Empire State ; and we would do as much as any other brother to secure such a settlement. We are anxious that the whole number of Masons in that State should be gathered into one fold, and labor together harmoniously under the jurisdiction of one Grand Lodge. But if this very desirable union can not be effected and perpetuated,— if the whole Masonic world must be thrown into convulsions every two or three years, by such disgraceful scenes as have been repeatedly enacted by apportion of the fraternity in New York; then we say let a division of jurisdiction be made, if there is any prospect that such division will remedy existing evils and prevent their recurrence in future. Far better that two distinct Grand Lodges should exist in that State, occupying separate and distinct territorial jurisdictions, and each wielding a mighty power for good, than that a futile attempt should be continued for the maintenance of a consolidated organization which must and ever will contain within itself so many elements of discord."
We have chosen to give these views in relation to the troubles in New York, out of respect for the source from which they emanate.
national masonic confederation.
Your committee are permitted to lay before you the proceedings of the National Convention, which assembled at Washington, Jan. 3, 1855, for purposes specified
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in a previous Convention, held at Lexington, Kentucky, in September, 1853. This Convention was held in response to an invitation emanating from this Grand Lodge, and to which your attention was called in our last year's report. It is well remembered that the preference of this body has been repeatedly expressed in favor of a General Grand Lodge. This preference was decidedly reiterated the last year, and at the same time representatives were elected to represent Maine in the proposed convention, who were at liberty to co-operate in the formation of a General Grand Lodge, or in the Confederation which had been proposed by Com. Finlay M. King, of the Grand Lodge of New York. Your committee regret to find that Maine was not represented in this convention, and that so few of the Grand Lodges sent delegates. Whatever be the merits of its action, the G. Lodge of Maine had no share in its deliberations, and is therefore uncommitted. It is now an open question to be acted upon at this time ; and we feel assured that the voice of this Grand Lodge will be decidedly in favor of giving the National Confederation a fair trial, by yielding at once its allegiance and co-operation.
the convention.
The Convention was called to order on motion of M. W. B. B. French, of D. C., and the M. W. Charles Gilman, of Maryland, elected President, pro tem. R.W. Finlay M. King, Secretary, pro tem.
A permanent organization was afterwards effected, as follows : M. W. David Clopton of Alabama, President; M. W. B. B. French, D. C., and M. W. Charles Gilman, Maryland, Vice Presidents; R. W. Finlay M. King, New York, and M. W. Alfred E. Ames, Minnesota, Secretaries.
A resolution was adopted inviting all Past Grand Masters to take seats in Convention. The Committee on credentials reported a list of delegates entitled to seats.
District of Columbia—B. B. French, P. G. M.;- William B. Magruder, P. G. M.; Charles S. Frailey, G. M.
Maryland—Charles Gilman, P. G. M.
Alabama—David Clopton, P. G. M.; William Hendrix, P. G. M.
New York—John L. Lewis, Jr., D. G. M.; Finlay M. King, Senior G. W.; James H. Perry, G. Chaplain; and subsequently R. W. James M. Austin.
Minnesota—Alfred E. Ames, G. M.
Michigan—Abner C. Smith, P. G. S.
California—Milton S. Latham; James A. McDougall.
A vote was passed inviting all Master Masons in good standing, to be present in the Convention.
After adopting the usual rules of parliamentary practice, the R. W. Brother
Smith offered the following resolution :
Resolved, That to form a more perfect union, establish uniformity, insure domestic as well as foreign tranquillity, and secure to ourselves and our posterity
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the blessings flowing from the perpetuity and diffusion of the principles embraced in the ancient ritual of the order, it is eminently expedient to organize a Federative National Head, with well defined and limited powers, reserving to the several Grand Lodges, or to the Fraternity, all powers, privileges and prerogatives, not expressly deputed.
Which being seconded, the R. W. Bro. King offered as a substitute, the following:
Resolved, That the President appoint a committee of five, of which the President of the Convention shall be chairman, to " mature" the plan of a Confederation, as contemplated by the Lexington Convention.
A discussion arose upon the two resolutions, pending which, on motion of R. W. Bro. King, both resolutions were referred to a committee as proposed in his resolution. The committee appointed were M. W. David Clopton, R. W. Finlay M. King, R. W. A. C. Smith, M. W. Alfred E. Ames, M. W. Charles Gilman.
The Convention then adjourned till 10 o'clock, Jan. 4.
At the opening of the Convention on the second day, an interesting letter was received from M. W. Nathan B. Haswell and M. W. Philip C. Tucker, of Vermont, delegates to the Convention, which was read and spread upon the records.
R. W. Finlay M. King, from the Committee on the Resolutions submitted the first day, presented the following
PREAMBLE.
" For the purpose of establishing a unity of interest among the Grand Lodges of the United States—a unity of design and purpose—and of securing mutual confidence between them, and promoting the general welfare of the Fraternity, said Grand Lodges do ordain and establish the following
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.
" Article I. All matters of difficulty which may hereafter arise in any Grand Lodge, or between two or more Grand Lodges of the United States, which cannot, by their own action, be satisfactorily adjusted or disposed of, shall, if the importance of the case, or the common welfare of the Fraternity demand it, be submitted, with accompanying evidence and documents, to the several Grand Lodges, in their individual capacities; and the concurrent decision thereon of two-thirds of the whole number, officially communicated, shall be held authoritative, binding, and final on all parties concerned.
" Article II. When any matter of difficulty shall arise, in any Grand Lodge belonging to this Confederacy, between such Grand Lodge and its subordinates, of a revolutionary or other character, it shall be submitted, as prescribed in Article first, upon the request or direction of the Grand Lodge in which the same may have occurred.
"Article III. When a difficulty shall have occurred between two or more Grand Lodges, of the character mentioned in Article first, it shall be so submitted upon the request or direction of either of the Grand Lodges immediately interested therein.
"Article IV. Any member of the Confederacy shall have the right to submit to the several members of the same, any question of masonic jurisprudence, or masonic action, contemplated within its own jurisdiction, which may be deemed by it of sufficient importance, to call for the united opinions of the members thereof; and in all such cases, the like action shall be had by the said Grand
Page 29
Lodges, as is herein provided in other cases, and the decision thereupon shall be conclusive.
" Article V. Each Grand Lodge belonging to this Confederacy, shall take action upon the matter so submitted to it, and make a decision thereupon at its first Annual Communication, after the evidence and documents relating thereto shall have been received; unless for want of time or information it shall be unable to arrive at a decision, and in this case it shall have until the next Annual Communication, at which time a decision shall be made.
" Article VI. When any difficulty shall have arisen in any Grand Lodge, or between a Grand Lodge and its subordinates, or between two or more G. Lodges, as mentioned in articles second and third, the Grand Lodge submitting such difficulty, in manner as aforesaid, shall give notice to the other party or parties concerned therein, of its intention to submit the same to the Confederacy ; and in case of the omission, neglect or refusal of such other party or parties to supply the evidence and documents relating to such difficulty, in the manner prescribed in Article first, for three months from the time of the service of such notice, the members of the Confederacy may proceed in the examination and decision of the difficulty so submitted, upon the evidence and documents before them: Provided, that when such difficulty exists between two or more Grand Lodges, the Grand Lodge or Grand Lodges which shall not have first decided upon such submission, shall have three months after its next succeeding Annual Communication, to supply such evidence and documents as aforesaid.
"Article VII. From and after these articles shall have been adopted by twenty of the Grand Lodges of the United States, their provisions shall be considered ratified; and all matters therein contemplated for adjustment shall then and thereafter take the course therein prescribed.
" Article VIII. No Grand Lodge, which shall have united in this Confederacy, in manner as aforesaid, shall withdraw therefrom, until it shall have given twelve months' notice to each and every member of the Confederacy of its intention to. do so.
" Article IX. These Articles may be altered, revised or amended, by proposi-. tion in writing, submitted by any one Grand Lodge, and concurred in by two-, thirds of the Grand Lodges in this Confederacy ; and such alteration, revision, or amendment, shall be operative and binding upon each and every member of the Confederacy from the time of its adoption, in manner as aforesaid."
The articles were severally considered, and differences of opinion freely expressed ; but they were at length unanimously adopted.
The following resolutions, offered by R. W. A. C. Smith, were adopted:—
" Resolved, That this National Convention recognize most fully the principle, that no territory can be rightfully covered by more than one superior jurisdiction.
" Resolved, That this Convention solemnly protest, in behalf of the Masonic Fraternity of the United States of America, against any foreign Grand Body exercising any Masonic jurisdiction within the limits of the accredited jurisdiction of any of the Grand Lodges of the American Union."
The Convention also adopted the following
address to the grand lodges of the united states.
" The undersigned were appointed a committee to present to your consideration, and for your action, the accompanying ' Articles of Confederation,' which were adopted by the Convention, that assembled in Washington City, on the first Wednesday in January. It was matter of regret to the members of that Convention, that so few of the Grand Lodges were represented; as, ' in the multi-
Page 30
tude of counsel, there is wisdom ; and, more especially, as its proceedings were not considered obligatory upon any Grand Lodge, unless subsequently approved and ratified. Those who did attend, endeavored to arrange a plan that would, intrinsically, recommend itself to the favorable consideration of the several Grand Lodges, and secure, if possible, the co-operation of a sufficient number to guarantee a fair and impartial experiment.
" That a diversity of opinion would exist among the members of the Convention, was, naturally, to have been expected—otherwise, they would have been more than human. Coming from different sections, viewing the condition of Masonry from different stand-points, and entertaining conflicting opinions of the economy of its government, the only thing remarkable is, that the Convention was, finally, unanimous in the result of its deliberations. Some believed that anything short of a General Grand Lodge, invested with supreme powers, (original or appellate), in certain respects, or with certain defined limitations, would prove wholly inefficient; whilst others entertained apprehensions with regard to any national organization whatever. The former being assured that any attempt to form a Supreme Grand Lodge would be futile, at least for the present, and. that a sufficient number of the Grand Lodges, could not be induced to enter into such an organization, so as to endue it with efficacy, and secure unanimity, with a spirit truly magnanimous and Masonic, yielded their preconceived opinions, and united with the other members of the Convention, in the effort to arrange and mature a plan, which on the one hand, would leave unimpaired the supremacy and sovereignty of the Grand Lodges, and, on the other hand, would be efficient in promoting peace and harmony, and effecting uniformity in the interpretation of the usages and customs, and in the construction of the ancient constitutions of Masonry. The plan herewith submitted to you, is the result of this reconciliation of conflicting opinions.
" Since the formation and adoption of a National Constitution, the great want of Freemasonry, as it has existed in the United States, has been a closer bond of union between the different Grand Lodges. The condition of the Masonic Institution in this country, is, to some extent, an anomalous one—very different from what it is in other countries, and under other forms of government. We have our respective Grand Lodges, exercising jurisdiction co-extensive with the territorial limits of the State : nevertheless, there is still need of some national arrangement, by which these Grand Bodies shall be united in bonds of economy, as well as fraternity. As members of the same great political family, it is true that we cherish towards each other closer ties and warmer attachments, than to other and foreign branches of the Masonic Brotherhood ; but then these exist only in our sensibilities and feelings—not in the reality of a practical system.
" To remedy this defect in the governmental organization of Masonry, and to supply the necessity of a more intimate union, and a regular and permanent intercourse, the idea of a National Grand Body was conceived and proposed by the Grand Lodge of Georgia, as early as 1790. A sufficient number not having responded favorably, the effort failed, and was abandoned, Since that period several attempts have been made to accomplish the same design, but with like success.
" Whilst the history of these various propositions and efforts to organize a Supreme Grand Lodge, demonstrates that any further attempt would be ineffectual, it also shows, conclusively, that ever since the formation of our National Political Union, the necessity of a National Masonic Union, of some character, has been recognized and felt by prominent members of the Fraternity.
I We cannot depart from the ' ancient landmarks,' or change the ritual and work of the Order. Notwithstanding this, Freemasonry has, in all ages and in all countries, adapted itself, in the economy and policy of its government, to the social and political institutions of the particular country and age, when and where it has existed. The chief element, of its success, consists in this adaptability to the local customs and changes, and to the various phases of society. When the necessity arose for a departure from the original organization of Operative Masonry, and of one Grand Master for the whole Brotherhood in all
Page 31
places, it was this principle that put into operation the present system of Speculative Masonry and distinct and independent Grand Lodges, in distinct and independent countries. In Europe, one Grand Lodge, co-extensive with each sovereign goverment, was all sufficient, and most nearly assimilated to their political systems and principles. Not so in America : Here, existed separate Colonies — there, separate and independent states; hence there must be separate and independent Grand Lodges. These, however, do not answer the full wants of Masonry. As the political relation between the several States is of much closer intimacy than that which exists between different countries, so the Masonic relation between the Grand Lodges of the United States should be of closer intimacy than that which exists between the Grand Lodges of separate foreign countries.
" It is not intended to be inferred from these remarks, that there ought to be a Supreme Grand Lodge, analogous, so far as it can be made, to our general Government ; for Masonry, whilst it ought to assimilate to the political institutions of a people, cannot be expected to reflect their exact image. - We do infer from them, however, the necessity of some plan—call it a National Confederation, or by any other name, which will make that Union a living, active, working reality — a Union of brothers —of closer bonds of fraternity, of feeling and action —a practical Union, that will make these bonds more efficient for good, and illustrate a unity of interest.
" It is the privilege of the American people to behold, daily, an increased intercourse between the citizens of the various States, in the way of business, travel, and the interchange of socialities. The manifold ways of inter-communication, now erected, and in process and contemplation of erection, are uniting, by routes more or less direct, each part of the country to every other part, and constantly opening new channels of commerce and travel. By these means we are also brought into more frequent communication as Masons. A National Masonic Confederation will have the tendency to make this now frequent and increasing communication more abundant in good and more effective in binding together the entire Order.
" We would not disparage the nearness of the universal Masonic Tie, or the strength of that cement which unites the whole Fraternity into a society of friends and brothers. Still, no one can deny the operation, in Masonry, of that principle which forms a part of our human nature, and which receives, as dearer to us, those who belong to our immediate family, than those more distantly connected—a brother, than a friend. We may go to the house of a hospitable neighbor or acquaintance, and feel all the ease and freedom of a welcome ; but when we go to the house of a brother, we feel that it is next to home. Likewise it is in Masonry. Those who realize that their interests and destiny are common, are bound by cords which draw them most closely together, and feel a sympathy otherwise unfelt and unknown ; a more ardent desire to 'promote each other's welfare.' This feeling, too, is capable of expansion ; and, by means of a national organization, instead of being confined to the limits of a State, would be bounded by the limits of the Union.
" One of the greatest evils which has attended the condition of the Institution in this country, has been a diversity of opinion concerning Masonic Laws and Usages, and the proper jurisdiction and rights of the several Grand Lodges. Every disagreement which has occurred between any of the Grand Lodges of the united States, has been produced by the assertion of a right by one, which another has denied; or, a claim of jurisdiction, which another has resisted. If these were uniformly understood by ail the Grand Lodges, this chief danger of alienation of feeling would be removed—each moving in the same direction, guided by the same landmarks, and observing the same great principles, it is impossible that a collision could ever result; entire harmony would prevail between them, just as in the solar system, where many planets move in concord, because each moves in an assigned sphere.
" Whilst great respect is entertained and manifested by the different Grand Lodges, for the well-considered opinions of each other; yet, these opinions when
Page 32
expressed, carry with them no authority, but are free to be disregarded. To accomplish this great desideratum, and secure that uniformity, which is the support of Masonry, some plan must be devised, by which these opinions, when expressed upon proper occasions, will possess weight, and power, and obligation. Like judicial opinions, they must have the force of precedents of solemn adjudications ; they must be the utterances of a tribunal intelligent enough to command respect, august enough to command deference, and strong enough to command observance, at least by its moral power. A tribunal of wisdom, beauty and strength. The Convention believes that the plan herewith proposed will as nearly accomplish this object as any plan can whose arrangement is compatible with the other rights and interests of the Grand Lodges.
" Having thus endeavored to demonstrate the necessity of a more complete Masonic Union than at present exists, it is proper for us to consider briefly, but more specifically, the details of the scheme adopted by the Convention.
" By an investigation of the principles upon which the proposed Confederation is organized, it will be observed, that it fully recognizes the supremacy and sovereignty of each Grand Lodge. It does not disrobe them of any authority : it does not divest them of any power; it does not deprive them of any right: whilst it avoids the objections usually urged to the formation of a General Grand Lodge, it provides the means, the sure means, of obtaining their aggregate voice upon any disputed or debated question. Without great central power, which is prone to grow stronger, and to absorb all subordinate authority, unless properly checked and restricted, Masonic honor and faith are pledged to a regard to its duly expressed opinions and decisions. Thus, it is invested with a moral power, which, with Masons, is more than physical force.
" The scheme, in one aspect, is simply this : Upon any occasion of difficulty or disagreement between two or more Grand Lodges, the one says to the other, We will submit our matter of difference to the arbitrament of our sister Grand. Lodges, who are our peers, and who, although disinterested in our particular 'case, have yet the highest interest in attaining the great end of truth and right, and in protecting the universal interests of Masonry.' In another aspect— when any internal commotion may happen, the Grand Lodge, whose peace is thus disturbed, has the means, and is hereby invited to take counsel, with her sister Grand Lodges. Thus simplified and considered, the scheme is not liable to the objections of those who entertain apprehensions concerning any National organization.
" Neither are the Grand Lodges to incur the expense of sending delegates to meet in some great Council, there to reflect, deliberate and decide, the matters which may be submitted to the Confederation. No additional expense is entailed upon them. When any occasion may arise, requiring the action of the Confederation, each Grand Lodge decides for itself, in its own hall, at its regular communication, and according to its own judgment, unbiassed by the presence or influence of parties interested. Instead of the wisdom, learning and intelligence, of a limited number of delegates, there will be the aggregate wisdom, learning and intelligence, of all the members of all the Grand Lodges, each exercising its individual intellects.
" There can be no danger of any usurpation of power. The Confederation, either upon the request of one member or a majority of the members, or otherwise, cannot take jurisdiction of any matter without the voluntary submission of one of the parties involved. Any decision that might be made, however unanimous, without a compliance with the provision of the Articles, would be " coram non judice " a mere assumption without legal or moral force.
" The committee deem it unnecessary to review all the details of the plan, but simply to present its prominent features. The convention did not expect to mature a perfect plan. It is an experiment. Time must develop the deficiencies, and ample provision is made for the alteration or amendment of the Articles.
" One other consideration : It is recognized as a well settled principle in the Masonic Jurisprudence of this country, that the jurisdiction of a Grand Lodge extends with the territorial limits of the State in which it is located. The
Page 33
Grand Lodges of other countries do not recognize or observe this principle. They claim the right to organize Lodges and exercise power in all places. Upon the maintenance of this principle, as between our own Grand Lodges, depend their peace and harmony; and upon its observance by foreign Grand Lodges, so far as relates to the United States, depends the preservation of peace and harmony between them and our Grand Lodges. Without it, we are liable every day to have lodges established in our midst, under the authority of some Grand Lodge. Accustomed to listen to the voice of a supreme head, only, an expression of this sentiment, by the several Grand Lodges of the Union, individually, will not have the same effect upon them, as its expression by an organization having the air and semblance, at least, of nationality and supremacy. Hence, to secure ourselves against invasion from abroad, two things must concur—a national objection and opposition, and a more thorough union.
" We hope that the Grand Lodges will consider the plan worthy of a trial, and that a National Confederation may be found a wall of protection—a cord of union —the means of preserving peace and harmony, promoting the general welfare of the Order, and exciting that noble ' contention, or emulation, who can best work and best agree.'"
(Signed,) David Clopton,
Charles Gilman,
A. C. Smith,
B. B. French.
Finlay M. King,
We have thus spread before the Grand Lodge the proceedings of the Convention in maturing the proposed Confederation ; and bespoken the approval of this body, so far as to unite in giving the experiment a fair trial. It is our hope that this may be done heartily; much as we would have preferred the formation of a General Grand Lodge, had that measure been practicable. We need not hesitate because the Convention has failed to mature a plan which meets all the wants of Craft Masonry in this country. Even if convinced that it must fail of securing the objects specifically aimed at, we should still urge a fair experiment. It is something to gain so clear a recognition of the wants of our Order, as we discover in the Address of the Committee, in the very points where they attempt no present remedy.
It has been manifest, in the agitation and discussions of the question relative to a General Grand Lodge, that the higher and better reasons for its formation have not been readily perceived. Many of the Grand Lodges have looked apparently to no other wants than those contemplated in this Confederation; and in these the opponents of the measure have feared to entrust either legislative or judicial authority, in any tribunal outside of their own Grand Lodges. The points to which attention has especially been drawn, are those of discipline and government—the trials and difficulties which have been the sore spots in their masonic experience. This limited view has led many to suppose that if it were possible to master these difficulties, arising either in a single Grand Lodge, or between two or more, that then the mission of a General Grand Lodge would be superseded. On the contrary, your committee conceive that it is just at that point we are to look for the highest and best work of a General Grand Lodge to begin. The sooner all these difficulties are disposed of, the sooner we believe will dawn the day of deliverance from the fears and jealousies that still forbid the forma-
Page 34
tion of such a body, and the more blessed will be its mission in our country, and throughout the world.
The appropriate work of such a body, can be far better done in other directions than in dressing the wounds and plastering the sores that fester in unsightly exuberance where human passion and unhallowed tampering have usurped the place of masonic zeal and the Master's skill.
If the proposed Confederation, then, can really do what it undertakes, it will remove the most serious hindrance to the formation and useful action of a General Grand Lodge. For this reason, give it a fair trial. If it prove successful it will do good work and prepare the way for something far better. If it prove a failure in this respect, after fair trial, it should discourage no one from another, and what we have conceived to be a far more important endeavor; and we may rationally expect that those who have been most sanguine in this, will then be as magnanimous in favoring another experiment, as we trust all the Grand Lodges of the country will be in the trial of this.
While then we cheerfully endorse for all practical purposes the action at the late Convention, and give our hearty assent to the proposed measure, let us not feel that it must necessarily supersede, or long hold in abeyance, those higher and nobler interests which have inspired our past efforts on this question.
We have desired a General Grand Lodge, as a means of drawing together noble minds—kindred spirits, from all parts of our country, to hold communion, and devote their consecrated energies to the great interests of our Order, and devising ways and means for pervading our whole Union with the principles which we profess. We have hoped to see these gatherings for noble ends, contributing to the removal of jealousies and sectional strifes, and cementing a stronger fellowship, which should strengthen the bonds of our union, and hold with a firmer grasp our cherished institutions of Education, Government and Religion.
We have desired more hearty fellowship among all who wear our emblems, that thus we might fulfil our appropriate mission more successfully in all other relations.
We have supposed this to be the only practicable mode of arriving at ultimate uniformity, and consequent skill, in the work of the Order. We have not doubted that such a body, meeting triennially, would be greatly beneficial in securing the just relations and increased prosperity in the other departments of masonic labors. We have looked to this movement as opening a direct channel of communication with the masonic bodies of the world, which might be of real benefit both to us and to them. It is not easy, if possible, in our insulated G. Lodges, to ensure such intercourse with these foreign Lodges as might be secured, and be of real utility, under the leadership of a General Grand Lodge.
If in our civil relations, our commercial and industrial interests, and intercourse with foreign nations, can be better managed through a General Government, established by consent of all the States, so we conceived our masonic interests and intercourse, in like manner, could be far better managed; and by the
Page 35
same process all other interests we may have in common—all that we might increase by intercourse and a firmer fellowship.
For these and the like reasons, while we still cherish the hope that at no distant day they maybe subjected to the test of experiment, the committee forbear even to attempt any criticism on the details of the Confederation, and would recommend the adoption of the following resolutions :—
Resolved, That the Grand Lodge of Maine hereby accepts the Articles of Confederation adopted and promulgated by the National Masonic Convention held at Washington, D. C, Jan. 3 and 4, 1855 ; and will cheerfully co-operate with the Grand Lodges of the Union, in securing for the Confederation a fair experiment in accomplishing the proposed results.
Resolved, That this Grand Lodge also approves and fully endorses the resolutions passed by the aforesaid Convention in relation to Masonic Jurisdiction, and join our protest with theirs against any foreign masonic interference, within the accredited jurisdiction of any of the Grand Lodges of the American Union.
Since writing the above, the committee have noticed the following paragraph from the pen of a distinguished Brother, William P. Mellen, R. W. G. Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Mississippi. It is in the March number of the Acacia, which has lately been commenced at Natchez, and edited by the Grand Secretary, which your committee commend to the favorable notice of this Body. He says:—
" The Convention was held at Washington City, in January, under a call to establish a National Confederation of Grand Lodges, as it appears in an unofficial report of the proceedings, which we find in the February number of the Register and Union, by Bro. Finlay M. King, who was the Secretary of the Convention. We could not learn from the report the number of the Grand Lodges represented; but suppose, as the number was not named, that there were but few. A Committee on Credentials was appointed, but no report appears. The names of delegates from New York, Maryland, District of Columbia, Michigan, Minnesota and Alabama alone are mentioned. M. W. David Clopton, of Alabama, was President. Power is given to two-thirds of the Confederation, acting in separate Grand Lodges, to decide questions. From the appearance of the Articles of Confederation, as published, it is possible that two of them may admit of misconstruction. But we will await the official report of the proceedings, and the Address of the Committee; though we are inclined to class it, from present light, as either an impotent or dangerous organization."
The committee have copied this article, not for the purpose of modifying the resolutions proposed ; but that we might, at an early day, be aware of the views held by an eminent mason. It is evident, that similar views are likely to be entertained in various quarters; but we do not share in the fears that this organization is fraught with any serious danger. If it is to prove impotent for good, it seems to us that its chief evil, if any, must lie in attempting to supersede the necessity of a General Grand Lodge, and by possibility delaying the period of its organization, or defeating it indefinitely. But in every view of the case, our conviction is clear, that a fair and full experiment is the best policy, and at as early a day as practicable. We will sincerely hope, therefore, that the Grand
Page 36
Lodge of Mississippi, with the cordial promptings of the Chairman of the Committee of Correspondence, will unite with us in giving to the Confederation a fair trial. We speak the more earnestly on this question, because the Grand Lodge of Mississippi has, with its Grand Secretary, stood firmly opposed to the formation of a General Grand Lodge,
In 1854, their attention was distinctly called to the action of the Kentucky Convention, and its proceedings were copied into their report. After copying the terms of the proposition for Confederation, the committee say:—
" The first difficulty to be met in this proposition, is that the opinions of the first Grand Lodge, if an influential one, might have an undue influence. Another suggests itself, that we might be called upon, by a two-third vote, to sanction proceedings which we utterly abhor, and which no known inducement would make us comply with. If it were a case requiring counsel, it would involve the parties in too much expense, and the richest treasury would have the advantage in the contest.
" It becomes this Grand Lodge to consider this proposition well—perhaps other evils may be found in it, certainly there is a great want of definiteness in the propositions to which you are invited to pledge yourselves. Who is to determine, for instance, what amounts to a sufficient ' importance ?'
" Any of the propositions for a G. G. Lodge were better than this, in the opinion of your Committee ; and as we believe that no arrangement of details as proposed to be made in the convention, of ratification can lessen the power agreed upon, but that the tendency will be to increase it, we humbly submit that it would be better to say at once that we cannot accede to the proposition."
In accordance with this report, the Grand Lodge adopted the following resolution :—
" Resolved, That not believing that sufficient good would result from the organization proposed by the National Masonic Convention, held at Lexington, on the 17th Sept. last, to overbalance the evils which would arise therefrom, the Grand Lodge of Mississippi respectfully declines entering into such an organization."
If then the Grand Lodge of Mississippi adhere to this resolution, it is not because of its partiality for a General Grand Lodge; nor is it from reluctance to grapple with any of the grave questions that might demand investigation, or to deal fearlessly with whatever subject of discipline or criticism might arise in any of the G. Lodges. Mississippi stands almost alone in refusing to recognize either of the existing bodies claiming Grand Lodge jurisdiction in New York; and urges substantial reasons for its course. No Grand Lodge of the country has shown more ability in examining the vexed questions in New York, whatever may be our views of the correctness of their decision.
If any one is disposed to think lightly of the action of Mississippi on any question because she stands alone, let it be remembered, that it is but a few years since she stood nearly alone, and in the face of the other Grand Lodges invaded the territory of Louisiana: assuming that the old Grand Lodge of Louisiana had no legitimate authority or jurisdiction, she planted Lodges of York Masons in that State. Bold as was this measure, it was perhaps the only step that could have rescued Masonry from increasing anarchy and strife in that
Page 37
field, where is now one of the most prosperous Grand Lodges of the Union. The importance of the facts in the case will be a sufficient apology for introducing here a closing extract from a private letter, dated
" Natchez, (Miss.) March 28, 1855.
* * * * " You will be rejoiced to learn that all wounds have been healed in Louisiana, and harmony in both Lodges and Consistory restored—the former coming under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge, and the latter under the Supreme Council at Charleston,
" With great respect, truly and fraternally yours, Wm. P. Mellen."
The underscoring of this passage is our own. Having taken a very deep interest in the controversies and masonic trials of Louisiana from the first, and labored in several reports to discuss them fully, this Grand Lodge cannot fail to rejoice with the committee, in a result so much in accordance with our long cherished desires, and our convictions of what ought to be done.
Having taken this liberty with a letter, designed only as a private one, we may as well, perhaps, venture farther on the indulgence of the distinguished author, and copy another passage ; especially as it bears upon the general question we are now considering. He says:—
" The proceedings of your Grand Lodge, I always read with more than usual interest. Some of the persons, and many of the names, were once familiar to me. I had the pleasure of meeting with P. G. M. Bradford, at Columbus, in 1847 ; and when I was a boy, I spent some very happy months with my late uncle, Prentiss Mellen. I was then well acquainted with Simon Greenleaf and Family, who lived just across the common, and nearly opposite to Brown's Rope Walk, in what he used laughingly to call his ' salt box'. That was thirty-eight, winters ago, but the visit is not forgotten ; it has furnished me with one of my most pleasant souvenirs.
" To return to the subjects of your letter; when I went to Baltimore in 1847, I was inclined to favor the formation of a G. G. Lodge ; but before we got through, I became convinced that the benefit of masonry was not the sole object of some of the members of the convention ; and the difficulty of devising a plan, efficient for good and impotent for evil, became more and more apparent. Finding that the constitution formed would be unacceptable, I voted against its adoption in convention, and have strenuously opposed all schemes of the kind since.
"For one, I am afraid of any closer connection with our Northern brethren at present; and I fear that a closer union now would be followed sooner or later by a violent disruption. We had better remain as we are, at least, for the present."
If any apology is needed for these liberties with a private letter, it is found in the magnitude of the question, and the transcendent importance of the interests involved in it. It will be remembered by all who have read our several reports in which this question has been discussed, that one of the most potent reasons
Page 38
for devoting to it so much attention, has been its prospective bearing on the permanency, harmony and prosperity of our Union. We have cherished the inwrought conviction that Fremasonry has here a glorious mission to fulfil; that its plastic power was to be zealously applied in " spreading the cement of brotherly love, " soothing the hot passions excited by political, sectarian and sectional controversy—thus binding kindred spirits in all parts of our country in a brotherhood which should have no Mason and Dixon's line, and harbor no fears of a " closer union", or of a " violent disruption", as its necessary consequence. We have a living faith that such a thing is possible, and that a General Grand Lodge, with necessary provisions and limitations, " efficient for good and impotent for evil," is practicable: and is now the highest want of the Masonic Order in this country. Yet, as we have ever claimed, it must be the work of time. It will require patient and persistent effort; and all the forces of the age and the issues in our country, are favoring the progress of events within the Order, towards the right time, place and circumstances for such a consummation.
MONUMENT TO MASONIC WORTH.
The proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Connecticut give a graphic account of the ceremonies at the completion of the Wooster Monument, at Danbury, April 27, 1854
The M. W. Grand Lodge of the State of Connecticut aided in the ceremonies, as they had shared in the expense of the monument—the joint product of the General Assembly, the Masonic Fraternity, and the Citizens of Danbury. It was erected near the spot where Gen. Wooster fell from his horse, mortally wounded, April 27, 1777. Some forty-three or forty-four Lodges were represented, and many distinguished Masons from other States joined in the solemnities of the occasion. Letters from other distinguished brethren and citizens were also read on the occasion, and published with the proceedings.
Description of the Monument.
It is of Portland granite, forty feet in height, on a base eight feet square. It stands on a solid platform, about twenty feet square, at the corners of which are massive stone posts, which support an iron railing. The plinth is richly moulded, and the name of WOOSTER appears in bold raised letters, upon the front or south side. The General is represented, in a beautifully carved figure, in the act of falling from his horse, at the moment he received the fatal ball. Above this appears a representation of the State arms; and higher up still, the main shaft is ornamented with a trophy, consisting of a sash, sword and epaulettes. On two opposite sides are various appropriate masonic and military emblems. The whole is surmounted with a globe, on which stands the American Eagle, bearing in his beak the wreath of victory. On one side is the following inscription:
DAVID WOOSTER,
First Maj. Gen. of the Conn. Troops
in the
Army of the Revolution :
Brig. Gen. of the United Colonies :
Born at Stratford, March 2, 1710—11:
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ANNUAL COMMUNICATION—MAY, 1855. 39
Wounded at Ridgefield, April 27, 1777,
while defending the Liberties of America,
and nobly died at Banbury, May 2d, 1777.
Of his Country, Wooster said:
" My life has ever been devoted to her service from my youth up, though never before in a cause like this; a cause for which I would most cheerfully risk—nay, lay down my life!"
On the opposite side the inscription is as follows :
Brother David Wooster,
Impressed, while a stranger in a foreign land,
with the necessity of some tie
that should unite all mankind in a
Universal Brotherhood,
he returned to his native country,
and procured from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Massachusetts,
a Charter,
and first introduced into Conn,
that Light which has warmed the widows' heart
and illumined the orphans' pathway.
Under this Charter, in 1750,
Hiram Lodge No. 1, of New Haven, was organized,
of which he was the first Worshipful Master.
Grateful for his services
as the Master Builder of their oldest Temple,
for his fidelity as a Brother,
and his renown as a patriot and a soldier,
the Free and Accepted Masons
have united with his native State and the citizens of
Danbury,
in rearing and consecrating
this MONUMENT to his memory.
Erected at Danbury, A. L. 5854, A. D. 1854. David Clark, G. Master.
In the Address of the M. W. Grand Master occurs the following passage :—
" Gen. Wooster was a man of keen foresight. Learning, from observation and reflection, the benevolent ends our institution designed to accomplish, he determined to become one of the brotherhood. An honest advocate of the equal and inalienable rights of man, he became satisfied that Masonry had, at all times, and under the severest trials, been the unfaltering supporter of just and free principles ; and under all circumstances, he found Masonry, as we now find it, true and steadfast in advancing the moral and intellectual improvement of the masses, and the elevation of man to the condition of equality and happiness, that now blesses more than twenty-five millions of American Freemen. Yes, on this hallowed spot,—hallowed henceforth, forever, to the name of Brother DAVID WOOSTER,—may I well say, and in truth declare, that Masonry has done, and is doing, as much,—nay, possibly more,—than all other associations, for the establishment of the just and equal rights of man. Broad, comprehensive, and never yielding in its ends, it has steadily resisted wrong and oppression in every form. It has defied and overcome alike the demands of despotism and the tortures of the Inquisition. It has triumphed over the seductions of power and the temptations to render servile obedience to the most powerful monarchs of the world. It has sheathed the sword of contending armies, and caused those engaged in deadly strife to hail each other as brethren."
Gov. Pond made an appropriate response to the address of the Grand Master. The Oration, by W. Bro. Henry C. Deming, is a production of much literary merit and historical interest.
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